The results from Yubico’s resolution

In 2009 Google was the target of sophisticated cyber attacks capable of circumventing traditional security controls. With a lack of viable two-factor authentication (2FA) options to effectively prevent these attacks and account takeovers, Google began working closely with Yubico to extend the capabilities of the YubiKey two-factor authentication technology to also include public key cryptography. Through this collaboration, Yubico and Google co-created a strong authentication protocol based on the concept of a single phishing-resistant key to secure all services. It is this work that later became an open standard adopted by the FIDO alliance called the FIDO Universal 2nd Factor (U2F) standard

One single YubiKey can secure a multitude of online services with no user information or private keys shared between the service providers. There is no reliance or requirement for mobile connectivity, cellular devices, mobile apps, or manual code entry.

Overcoming account takeovers

After a two-year evaluation of one-time passwords (OTPs), TLS certificates, smart cards, and other authentication methods, Google confirmed that FIDO U2F Security Keys were best suited to deliver on the company’s security and usability needs. Shortly thereafter, Google expanded its deployment of the YubiKey to all staff and contractors for secure computer and server login, reaching more than 50,000 employees.

Google’s two-year study to measure the business impact of hardware-based authentication highlighted several important benefits:

• Heightened security: Internal accounts protected solely with a YubiKey and FIDO U2F have experienced a significant increase in the level of security.
• Accelerated employee productivity: Employees saw a significant reduction — by nearly 50 percent — in the time to authenticate using a YubiKey compared with using a one-time password (OTP) via SMS. Logins were nearly four times faster when comparing the YubiKey to Google Authenticator. The time saving is primarily due to the one-touch YubiKey authentication that executes in milliseconds.
• Reduced support:  Compared to using a phone for authentication, YubiKeys were found to be easy to use, robust in design, waterproof, and did not easily break. The YubiKey also allowed for issuing multiple backups to each employee, including one YubiKey nano designed to sit inside the user’s laptop and one YubiKey designed for a keychain. Google found support calls dropped, with a 92% reduction in support incidents, saving thousands of hours per year in support costs. Furthermore, authentication failures are estimated at zero.
• Lowered cost of ownership: The combined security, usability, and workflow efficiencies of the YubiKey, allowed Google to give each employee multiple YubiKeys and still realize overall cost reductions.

“We believe that by using this token we’ve raised the standard of security for our employees beyond what was commercially available. The device works with Google’s Web browser Chrome, and works very seamlessly for people in their day-to-day workflow here at Google.”

Protecting employees and customers with strong 2FA

Today, Google not only protects employees with the YubiKey but has also integrated support for the YubiKey and FIDO U2F security keys into the available security protections for all Google users. Any user with a Google account can now protect themselves from advanced phishing and benefit from the strong authentication provided by YubiKey.

The strongest defense against phishing

Most recently in October 2017, Google launched its Advanced Protection Program (GAPP) for those users at the highest risk including journalists, business leaders, and political campaign teams. The GAPP program further tightens up security for Google account users by requiring the use of hardware-backed FIDO U2F security keys for secure login versus making them optional. To provide the strongest defense against phishing, Advanced Protection goes beyond traditional 2-Step Verification. Participants in GAPP are required to sign into their account with a password and a physical security key ie the YubiKey. Other authentication factors, including codes sent via SMS or the Google Authenticator app, will no longer work, since these forms of 2FA have been shown to be phishable.

Protecting AdWords customers

Google has also highlighted the benefits of protecting Adwords accounts with the YubiKey, In 2016, Google published a blog highlighting how two digital marketing agencies, Jellyfish and iProspect, protect their AdWords accounts, customers, and revenue using the YubiKey.

Modern authentication at scale

Google is a leading technology company with innovation and invention at its core. Working in collaboration with Yubico, Google was critical in defining the open standard for strong authentication now known as the FIDO U2F standard. Today, U2F offers over one billion Gmail users and all Google employees, strong phishing-resistant two-factor authentication to protect personal data and secure access to the Internet. Security keys have led to no confirmed account takeovers and greater user satisfaction since deployment at scale.